JEANNE GODFREY has been teaching in the field of English language and academic writing for over twenty years, and has been a Chair of the British Association of Lecturers in English for Academic Purposes. She set up one of the first Academic Writing Centres in a UK University and is now working as a freelance consultant. She is author of How to Use Your Reading in Your Essays second edition, Reading and Making Notes and Writing for University.

Introduction INTRODUCING, DEFINING AND CLASSIFYING 1. Introducing Your Topic 2. Giving Brief Definitions 3. Classifying and Describing Characteristics AIM, PROPOSITION AND TALKING ABOUT ARGUMENT 4. Stating Your Aim, Proposition and Scope 5. Talking about Proposition, Assumption, Argument, Thesis and Theory STRUCTURE, TIME, SEQUENCE AND FREQUENCY 6. Ordering and Structuring Your Ideas and Argument 7. Time, Sequence, Duration and Frequency METHODOLOGY AND METHOD, FINDINGS, SIZE, AMOUNT, LEVEL AND PROPORTION 8. Describing Your Methodology and Method 9. Presenting Initial Data and Findings, and Stating Problems and Anomalies 10. Size, Amount, Level, Capacity, Proportion and Ratio MOVEMENT AND CHANGE, GETTING BETTER OR WORSE, ALLOWING OR PREVENTING AND ELIMINATING 11. Movement, Change, Trend and Tendency 12. Getting Better or Worse, Bringing Back or Taking Away, Encouraging or Deterring 13. Allowing or Preventing, Avoiding, Exlcuding, Cancelling Out and Eliminating CIRCUMSTANCE, ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE, PRESENCE OR ABSENCE AND IMPORTANCE 14. Circumstance, Occurrence, Normality, Norm, Deviance, Risk and Threat 15. Advantage or Disadvantage, Plenty or Too Much, Enough or Not Enough, Presence or Absence 16. Importance, Relevance, Influence and Impact COMMUNICATION, EXPRESSION, UNDERSTANDING, WAY OF THINKING AND POINT OF VIEW 17. Communication, Expression, Signification and Portrayal 18. Knowledge, Understanding, Perception, Way of Thinking and Belief 19. Position, Point of View, Support and Opposition, Impartiality and Bias CAUSE AND EFFECT, DEPENDENCY, SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE 20. Cause and Effect, Derivation, Requirement, Compatibility, Reciprocity and Dependency 21. Equivalence, Similarity, Difference and Diversity ANALYSING AND EVALUATING IDEAS 22. Analysing Ideas and Suggesting Common Themes 23. Comparing the Views of Different Authors and Describing How They Cite and Evaluate Each Other 24. Evaluating an Author's Ideas Positively 25. Evaluating an Author's Ideas Negatively DRAWING YOUR OWN CONCLUSIONS, STATING YOUR OWN POSITION AND SUMMARISING YOUR IDEAS 26. Suggesting Counterarguments, Conceding, Disagreeing, Drawing Your Own Conclusions and Generating Your Own Ideas 27. Being Precise About Your Conclusions and Expressing Certainty, Caution or Doubt 28. Summarising, Restating Your Ideas, and Suggesting Ability, Potential and Future Actions APPENDIX Latin Abbreviations and Phrases A Brief Explanation of Word Class Index: Section Headings and Subheadings Index: Words and Phrases